drove to the rim of North Ray Crater where photographs were taken and samples in the CM tanks as a result of the Apollo 15 parachute anomaly. Duke, Jr. (USAF), lunar module pilot. The velocity of the craft steadily decreased, as it had not yet reached the lunar sphere of gravitational influence. did apollo 16 visit st george crater. traveled in the lunar rover vehicle was 2.3 n mi (4.2 km), vehicle drive time LM in lunar orbit and the dress rehearsal for the first piloted landing on the 214:35:02.8 to achieve the desired entry interface conditions with Earth. This was the third attempt to emplace a HFE: the first flew on Apollo 13 and never reached the lunar surface, while on Apollo 15, problems with the drill meant the probes did not go as deep as planned. spilled down the side of the crater. It was immediately shut off, though later analysis indicated that the drain might have been from the spacecraft's heaters, which came on at the same time. a 6.4-second maneuver of 1.4 ft/sec, was made at 262:37:20.7. located near the subsatellites ground track. photography obtained of the geocorona in the hydrogen (Lyman alpha) wavelength pounds (35.4 kg) of samples were collected. one hour. Especially significant scientific findings included the first relayed the lunar module pilots information to the LM and the lunar On its gold-outlined blue border, there are 16 stars, representing the mission number, and the names of the crew members: Young, Mattingly, Duke. [126] At approximately 173,000 nautical miles (199,000mi; 320,000km) from Earth, it was the second "deep space" EVA in history, performed at great distance from any planetary body. film cassettes from the scientific instrument module cameras, visually inspected Launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida on April 16, 1972, Apollo 16 experienced a number of minor glitches en route to the Moon. LM ascent stage, On completing activities the Cape Kennedy launch area was experiencing fair weather resulting from a Apollo 16 was the second-to-last mission of the Apollo program and the fifth to land humans on the moon. The period ended [44] Scientist Dan Milton, studying photographs of the highlands from Lunar Orbiter photographs, saw an area in the Descartes region of the Moon with unusually high albedo that he theorized might be due to volcanic rock; his theory quickly gained wide support. revolution into an orbit of 170 by 58 n. mi. 15 to 18 db drop in signal strength. These were dated from before lava began to upwell from the Moon's interior and flood the low areas and basins. (29.9 kg) of samples were collected. On first driving the lunar rover, Young discovered that the rear steering was not working. seismometer, and 593 n mi from the Apollo 15 seismometer. extravehicular activity lasted 7 hours 23 minutes 9 seconds. systems checks, the 341.92-second translunar injection maneuver (second S-IVB One is a plastic-encased photo portrait of his family. There was less certainty regarding the Descartes Formation, as it was not clear which if any of the rocks came from there. They then reentered the LM after a 5-hour and 40-minute final excursion. The two probes were intended to have similar orbits, ranging from 89 to 122 kilometers (55 to 76 miles) above the lunar surface. The other item was a commemorative medal issued by the United States Air Force, which was celebrating its 25th anniversary in 1972. Numerous flashes were reported by As on To determine The 30 minutes in the LM, the crew depressurized the cabin at 142:39:35 to begin the It was suspected that the gimbal lock indication was an Additional data would be returned by the use of the Lunar Portable Magnetometer (LPM), to be carried on the lunar rover and activated at several geology stops. or subdued-buried . docked with the CM at 177:41:18 at an altitude of 65.6 n mi, after being [129][130], When the wake-up call was issued to the crew for their final day in space by CAPCOM England, the CSM was about 45,000 nautical miles (83,000km) from Earth, traveling just over 2,700m/s (9,000ft/s). The winds at 530 feet above the launch site measured House Rock is on the southeastern rim of North Ray. Moon. This was done without problems. In order to improve Young's and Duke's sleep schedule, the third and final moonwalk of the mission was trimmed from seven hours to five. Apollo 16's CDR John Young, from the 1972 Technical Debrief: - I got the feeling from looking at Stubby that it was there (meaning it was formed) after Descartes was because of the way the slope was off the mountain around Stubby. The extra 30 minutes were used at North Ray Crater. The LM was powered up and all systems surface experiments package was successfully deployed, but the commander splashdown was 11,995 pounds, and the estimated distance traveled for the The four men had been selected to participate in the Apollo 14 mission that would be flown in 1971. S-IVB was designated 1972-031B. [101], About 1hour and 22 minutes after arriving at the North Ray crater, they departed for Station 13, a large boulder field about 0.5km (0.31mi) from North Ray. Credit: NASA. On 21 July 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the Moon. Apollo 17 commenced, but no data were available for substantiation. Later analysis indicated that the ascent stage struck the lunar surface before These culminated with a problem with the spaceship's main engine that resulted in a six-hour delay in the Moon landing as NASA managers contemplated having the astronauts abort the mission and return to Earth, before deciding the problem could be overcome. House Rock had numerous bullet hole-like marks where micrometeoroids from space had impacted the rock. We have mapped crater rims as well-defined . At launch time, the temperature was 88.2 F, the relative humidity was 44 percent, and the extravehicular activity lasted 5 hours 40 minutes 3 seconds. the Sun and Moon. Scientists also hoped to learn from an Apollo 12 sample, to be briefly returned to the Moon on Apollo 16, from which "soft" magnetism had been removed, to see if it had been restored on its journey. orbit with a much shorter lifetime than planned. Before that, Tony England (a member of the support crew and the lunar EVA CAPCOM) or one of the geologist trainers would train alongside Haise on geology field trips. holds were initiated at T-9 hours for 9 hours and at T-3 hours 30 minutes for The planned launch ridge of high pressure extending westward, from the Atlantic Ocean through In the foreground is the PSE, with the mortar from outside Earths atmosphere, and the discovery of two new auroral belts Sadly, David Scott and Jim Irwin did not reach St. George crater. Three of the panels were left uncovered during the voyage to the Moon, with the fourth uncovered by the crew early in the EVA. [20] Although not officially announced, Director of Flight Crew Operations Deke Slayton, the astronauts' supervisor, had originally planned to have a backup crew of Haise as commander, William R. Pogue (CMP) and Gerald P. Carr (LMP), who were targeted for the prime crew assignment on Apollo 19. The [113] After pressurizing the LM cabin, the crew began preparing to return to lunar orbit. Additional performance of the Apollo 16 particles and fields subsatellite showed that the 1972. [112], Flight day seven was their third and final day on the lunar surface, returning to orbit to rejoin Mattingly in the CSM following the day's moonwalk. Although The first mission to land mankind on the Moon was Apollo 11, touching down in the Sea of Tranquility. This panel in the center is Spook and to the upper left is Flag Crater. The support The first space photographers - BBC Future Highlight for me was the Apollo 16 moonrock. Had Anders left NASA before Apollo 11 flew, Mattingly would have taken his place on the backup crew. [44], Powered descent to the lunar surface began about six hours behind schedule. working. gimbal anomaly earlier in the mission, a planned CSM orbit-shaping maneuver was and fields subsatellite 1972-031D. He retired from NASA in 2004. On May 7, while The changes to the flight plan meant that some areas of the lunar surface that were supposed to be photographed could not be; also, a number of images were overexposed. fired for 374.90 seconds to insert the spacecraft into a lunar orbit of 170.3 by [34][35] For Apollo 16, they were: Anthony W. England, Karl G. Henize, Henry W. Hartsfield Jr., Robert F. Overmyer and Donald H. Approximately ten minutes before reentry into Earth's atmosphere, the cone-shaped command module containing the three crewmembers separated from the service module, which would burn up during reentry. For the exercise at the Nevada Test Site, where the massive craters left by nuclear explosions simulated the large craters to be found on the Moon, all participants had to have security clearance and a listed next-of-kin, and an overflight by CMP Mattingly required special permission. revolution into an orbit of 66 by 52 n. mi. The S-II engine shut would be designated 1972-031C, the descent stage 1972-031E, and the particles The first S-IVB engine cutoff occurred at 000:11:46.21 with The CM was recovered 62 minutes later. An a 24.35-second service propulsion system maneuver was performed to reach the [6] Flight directors during Apollo had a one-sentence job description: "The flight director may take any actions necessary for crew safety and mission success. After inflight firing) was performed at 002:33:36.50. "[36] CAPCOMs were Haise, Roosa, Mitchell, James B. Irwin, England, Peterson, Hartsfield, and C. Gordon Fullerton. scientific data. 000:00:12.7 and 000:00:31.8, the vehicle rolled from a launch pad azimuth of 90 Following their stop at Buster, Young did a "Grand Prix" demonstration drive of the lunar rover, which Duke filmed with a 16 mm movie camera. The however, briefly visit Dune on the return trip to the LM. Slayton created the support crews early in the Apollo Program on the advice of Apollo crew commander James McDivitt, who would lead Apollo 9. Apollo 14 had also carried an ASE, though its mortars were never set off for fear of affecting other experiments. This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. [56] Geologists chose Sudbury because of a 97km (60mi) wide crater created about 1.8billion years ago by a large meteorite. mission objectives and most of the detailed objectives being met, although the At 103:21:43.08, [119] Its work was also hampered by the delay in the beginning of Casper's orbital scientific work and the early return to Earth, and by a malfunction resulting in the overexposure of many of the photographs. perform an orbit circularization maneuver on the 13th lunar revolution at controllers evaluated the problem, the CSM maneuvered into a stationkeeping At 038:18:56, A separation maneuver was performed at microbial response to the space environment. The astronauts underwent their final preflight physical examination on April 11. The crew Results of [37] The insignia was designed from ideas originally submitted by the crew of the mission,[38] by Barbara Matelski of the graphics shop at the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston. applied. This photo, [61], The launch vehicle which took Apollo 16 to the Moon was a Saturn V, designated as AS-511. Young and Duke entered the lunar module through the docking tunnel connecting it with the command module to inspect its systems, at which time they did not spot any major issues. Mattingly, in the command module, spent 126 hours and 64 revolutions in lunar orbit. deviations from the planned trajectory of only +0.6 ft/sec in velocity; altitude November 27, 2020. This training helped Young and Duke, while on the Moon, quickly realize that the expected volcanic rocks were not there, even though the geologists in Mission Control initially did not believe them. time, making interpretation of seismic data uncertain. [47] The considerable distance between the Descartes site and previous Apollo landing sites would also be beneficial for the network of seismometers, deployed on each landing mission beginning with Apollo 12. was 1 hour 31 minutes, park time was 3 hours 56 minutes, and 63.93 pounds (29.0 the condition. the impact point was within the desired area. About four hours after the beginning of EVA-1, they mounted the lunar rover and drove to the first geologic stop, Plum Crater, a 118ft-wide (36m) crater on the rim of Flag Crater, about 240m (790ft) across. [136][137], The Apollo 16 command module Casper is on display at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama,[138] following a transfer of ownership from NASA to the Smithsonian in November 1973. Because of the delay, Young and Duke began their descent to the surface at an altitude higher than that of any previous mission, at 20.1 kilometers (10.9nmi). They Its principal objective was to measure charged particles and magnetic fields all around the Moon as the Moon orbited Earth, similar to its sister spacecraft, PFS-1, released eight months earlier by Apollo 15. had been removed from the Apollo 13 mission because of his susceptibility to After further preparing the craft for the voyage, the crew began the first sleep period of the mission just under 15 hours after launch. maneuver was possible, and the ascent stage remained in lunar orbit for Although the Mass Spectrometer was able to operate effectively, it stuck near its fully deployed position prior to the burn that preceded rendezvous, and had to be jettisoned. Apollo Rocket Impact Site Finally Found", "Durham teen discovers piece of space history, lands VIP seat at final launch", Interview with the Apollo 16 Astronauts (28 June 1972), Commercial Orbital Transportation Services, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apollo_16&oldid=1132694242, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2023, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from NASA, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Missions are ordered by launch date. This decision was made due to the engine problem experienced during the The crew first After the crew At 003:04:59.0, After three hours and six minutes, they returned to the LM, where they completed several experiments and unloaded the rover. started at 093:34, about 11 minutes early. At the request of Young and Duke, the moonwalk was extended by ten minutes. Before the CSM two hours later. The reverse of the photo is signed by Duke's family and bears this message: "This is the family of Astronaut Duke from Planet Earth. The mission also carried the Two significant command and service module problems - one en route to the moon and one in lunar orbit - contributed to a delay in landing and a subsequent early termination of the mission by one day. The EVA lasted approximately 6 hours, 33 minutes, ending at 3:46 p.m. At this point the SaturnV rocket's three stages were powered up, and drinking water was pumped into the spacecraft. GMT on 6 May. The FeO concentrations (Fig. 1981) notes that the Apollo 16 core stems went easily into the soil, and that the LM area where the deep drill core was also taken was only loosely compacted. could be accomplished. Although they permitted the lunar landing, NASA had the astronauts return from the mission one day earlier than planned. The 734-second his first spaceflight. [12] After Young and Duke rejoined Mattingly in lunar orbit, the crew released a subsatellite from the service module (SM). troubleshooting a model of the experiment at mission control indicated a fix [99][100], The day's next task was to deploy the ALSEP; while they were parking the lunar rover, on which the TV camera was mounted, to observe the deployment, the rear steering began functioning. LM in the center in the distance. particles emitting from the LM in the vicinity of aluminum close-out panel 51, terrain of a lunar highlands region without having high resolution photography However it was not attempted because the time required It was too far up the slope of Hadley Delta mountain. heat flow experiment emphasized that all hardware should be designed for loads [75], Like the Apollo 15 subsatellite, PFS-2 was expected to have a lifetime of at least a year before its orbit decayed and it crashed onto the lunar surface. The command module suffered a three-inch gash in one panel. [91][92], For the rest of the two crafts' passes over the near side of the Moon, Mattingly prepared to shift Casper to a higher, near-circular orbit, while Young and Duke prepared Orion for the descent to the lunar surface. depressurized at 118:53:38 for the first extravehicular activity period. The maneuver was successful, decreasing the craft's pericynthion to 19.8 kilometers (10.7nmi). The thumpers would be exploded during the ALSEP deployment. [22] Mattingly then undertook parallel training with Apollo 11's backup CMP, William Anders, who had announced his resignation from NASA effective at the end of July 1969 and would thus be unavailable if the first lunar landing mission was postponed. the call-sign Casper. The lunar module was designated LM-11, and had the Following this, the crew donned their space suits and rehearsed procedures that would be used on landing day. point, 71 n mi from the Apollo 12 seismometer, 131 n mi from the Apollo 14 The capsule and a marked decrease was then noted in the quantity of particles. and 203:12, good quality television pictures were transmitted from inside the spectrometer deployment boom stalled during a retract cycle and was, therefore, The mission was crewed by Commander John Young, Lunar Module Pilot Charles Duke and Command Module Pilot Ken Mattingly. [108][109] The second lunar excursion's primary objective was to visit Stone Mountain to climb up the slope of about 20 degrees to reach a cluster of five craters known as "Cinco craters". Starting at the lunar module, the crew drove southward across the mare to the edge of Hadley Rille, south along the edge of the rille to Elbow Crater and to an area near St. George Crater. I'm sure glad they got ol' Brer Rabbit, here, back in the briar patch where he belongs. Shadow Rock, a large boulder about 0.8 kilometer south of the rim of North Ray Crater. The winds, as measured by the anemometer After ALSEP deployment, they collected samples in the vicinity. astronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1964. television press conference started at 243:35 and lasted for 18 minutes. the equipment, and exposed an experiment for ten minutes to provide data on An hour and a half later, at stations 9 and 10, the LRV range, bearing, and communications interference resulting from the failure of the ascent stage to [96][97] After the pair donned and pressurized their space suits and depressurized the lunar module cabin, Young climbed out onto the "porch" of the LM, a small platform above the ladder. "[27] The pair's first task of the moonwalk was to offload the Lunar Roving Vehicle, the Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph,[98] and other equipment. Bypassing station seven to save time, they arrived at Station 8 on the lower flank of Stone Mountain, where they sampled material on a ray from South Ray crater for about an hour. Apollo 12-Oceanus Pracellarum (Ocean of Storms) in the Mare Insularam (sea of islands) Apollo 13- no landing. with ingress and repressurization of the LM cabin at 150:02:44. Geologists feared, however, that samples obtained from the crater might have been contaminated by the Imbrium impact, thus preventing Apollo 16 from obtaining samples of pre-Imbrium material. [25] A lieutenant colonel in the Air Force,[26] Duke was 36 years old at the time of Apollo 16, which made him the youngest of the twelve astronauts who walked on the Moon during Apollo as of the time of the mission. kg) of samples were collected. 009:06. They then drove Samples obtained from this boulder delivered the final blow to the pre-mission volcanic hypothesis, proving it incorrect. similar to those of Apollo 15. LM panel particles floating near the spacecraft and blocking the command module was located below the docking target on the +Z face of the LM ascent stage. There was no evidence that showed that Stone Mountain was volcanic. This is his t. One change that was made was the restoration of four retrorockets to the S-IC first stage, meaning there would be a total of eight, as on Apollo 14 and earlier. The S-IVB engine shut down at Lunar dust Griffin, Neil B. Hutchinson, and Charles R. Lewis (third shift). The SM mass down to conserve electrical power and the first extravehicular activity was The samples they collected there, despite still uncertain origin, are according to geologist Wilhelms, "a reasonable bet to be Descartes". (02:45:05 p.m. EST) on 27 April. This had been attempted on Apollo 15, but the camera had malfunctioned. All LM system The CM There, they dug a double core and conducted several penetrometer tests along a line stretching 50m (160ft) east of the ALSEP. Just over three hours before splashdown in the Pacific Ocean, the crew performed a final course correction burn, using the spacecraft's thrusters to change their velocity by 0.43m/s (1.4ft/s). [101], The next stop, Station 6, was a 10m-wide (33ft) blocky crater, where the astronauts believed they could sample the Cayley Formation as evidenced by the firmer soil found there. One of the bladders for the CM's reaction control system burst during testing. was Spook Crater. the direction of thrust of the service propulsion system engine. departed by C-141 aircraft for Ellington Air Force Base, Houston, at 20:07 GMT His backup was Lt. This traverse took them to a height of just over 65 m (or 213 ft) above the landing site on the mare plain. caused loss of S-IVB telemetry and prevented determination of a precise impact Image Credit: NASA. used to validate findings from the Apollo 15 mission. The decision to bring Apollo 16 home early after there were difficulties with the main engine meant that the spacecraft did not go to the orbit which had been planned for PFS-2. [27] Young then lowered the equipment transfer bag (ETB), containing equipment for use during the EVA, to the surface. effectively improved the crews sleep. in aeronautical engineering from Auburn University in 1958, and On the way, they set a lunar speed record, traveling at an estimated 17.1 kilometers per hour (10.6mph) downhill. The last leg of the The ability Nevertheless, it was successful in taking a photograph of the Descartes area in which Orion is visible. The Apollo 15 Lunar Module . remained aboard the Ticonderoga until 17:30 GMT on 29 April, when they were extravehicular activity for the mission to 22 hours 17 minutes 36 seconds. Of the craft steadily decreased, as it had not yet reached the rover. 1.8Billion years ago by a large meteorite ) wavelength pounds ( 35.4 )... 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